The NDB mysql cluster is an in-memory storage engine which offers high availability and data-persistence features. Mysql cluster is available with mysql-5.1 and with mysql5.0-max binaries. This can also be compiled after obtaining the source and the binaries can be used.
We will have a quick start to mysql ndb cluster here...
The basics first :
There are 3 nodes/services necessary to start when you are planning to run a mysql cluster
1. The NDB management node daemon ndb_mgmd.
2. The SQL node - a simple mysql server (mysqld).
3. Data nodes - running NDBD daemon
The best configuration would be to have at least 4 differet machines to run the mysql cluster on. The management node could be any small machine. All the management node does is check the cluster on periodic basis and other management functionalities like stop a node, start another node and stuff like that.
The Data nodes need to be high configuration machines - having lots of RAM. This is because the mysql cluster is a memory based cluster which means that the data resides in memory. The more memory you have the better the engine would perform.
And finally the SQL node should be a good machine since it will be doing some processing also. Though it should not require high amounts of RAM.
Steps to install and get mysql cluster running :
step 1:
install mysql 5.1 (binary) on 3 machines (2 data nodes and 1 sql node).
my.cnf on these nodes can be as below:
[mysqld]
ndbcluster
ndb-connectstring=ip.of.mgmnode
[mysql_cluster]
ndb-connectstring=ip.of.mgmnode
step 2:
untar the binary of mysql-5.1 and copy the files ndb_mgm & ndb_mgmd to /usr/local/bin
There is no need to keep the binary of mysql. Once the ndb_mgm* files are copied to bin directory, the untared binary of mysql can be deleted.
step 3:
configuring the mgm node.
create a directory "mkdir /var/lib/mysql-cluster".
create a file config.ini and incorporate mysql cluster settings in it
config.ini
[NDB DEFAULT] #affects settings of all data nodes
#No of replicas. Must divide evenly into the no of data nodes. So for 2 data nodes the no of replicas can be 1 or 2.
NoOfReplicas=2
# Memory allocated for data storage. Used for storing actual records and indexes. The memory space allocated consists of 32K pages. Once a page is allocated, it cannot be returned to the free pool, except by deleting the table. Default value is 80 MB. Minimum is 1 MB and max is dependent on available system memory.
DataMemory=1024M
# Memory allocated for Index storage (Hash indexes in mysql cluster). Hash indexes are used for primary key, unique indexes. Default value is 18 MB. Minimum is 1 MB and max is dependent on available system memory.
IndexMemory=128M
# Log levels. Used to log messages for various events. By default all loggings are disabled. For our reference we would set the log level to 5 for Startup messages and 10 for Error messages/warnings. Minimum level is 0 (disabled) and maximum is 15.
LogLevelStartup=5
LogLevelError=10
[TCP DEFAULT] # TCP/IP options
# no settings required for normal setup
[NDB_MGMD] # Options for the management process
hostname=ip.of.mgmnode
# Data directory - Directory where output files from the management server will be placed. It includes cluster log files, process output files and daemon's pid file.
datadir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster
[NDBD] # Options for data node "A"
hostname=ip.of.datanode_A
# datadir specifies the directory on data node "A" where trace, log, pid and error log files are placed
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data # assuming the path on node "A"
[NDBD] # Options for data node "B"
hostname=ip.of.datanode_B
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data # assuming the path on node "B"
[MYSQLD] # Options for the SQL node
hostname=ip.of.sqlnode
step 4:
Start the cluster. Hang on. The way to start the cluster is to first start the management node. Use the following command on management node machine.
ndb_mgmd -f /var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini
now run "ndb_mgm". It will connect to the mgm daemon on port 1186. use the "show" command to list the current settings.
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: localhost:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 (not connected, accepting connect from ip.of.datanode_A)
id=3 (not connected, accepting connect from ip.of.datanode_B)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @ip.of.mgmnode (Version: 5.1.14)
[mysqld(API)] 1 node(s)
id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from ip.of.sqlnode)
Now start the data nodes. On the data nodes run the following command.
./ndbd --initial
The --initial command deletes all log files and clears the data on node machines. Use this parameter only for starting the data node for the first time.
And start the sql node like when you start a mysql server
./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
And run the "show" command on the mgm node again.
ndb_mgm> show
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 @ip.of.datanode_A (Version: 5.1.14, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
id=3 @ip.of.datanode_B (Version: 5.1.14, Nodegroup: 0)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @ip.of.mgmnode (Version: 5.1.14)
[mysqld(API)] 1 node(s)
id=4 @ip.of.sqlnode (Version: 5.1.14)
Ok, now your mysql cluster is up and running.
If you need to restart the mysql cluster safely run the following commands
ndb_mgm -e shutdown # shuts down the mysql management and data nodes
ndb_mgmd -f /var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini #start the management node
ndbd # run this on the data nodes to start mysql cluster on data nodes
./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & # And also shutdown and restart the sql node - like you shutdown and restart a normal mysql server.
To create a table using NDB cluster specify "ENGINE=NDBCLUSTER" in the create table syntax. Eg:
Create table testndb (id int, val varchar(255) ENGINE=NDBCLUSTER;
One error that i encountered while working with the NDB cluster is "ERROR 1114 (HY000): The table '#sql-15c1_2' is full". After a bit of digging i found the following in the log files on the mgm node.
2006-12-30 12:50:59 [MgmSrvr] INFO -- Node 3: Data usage increased to 80%(13205 32K pages of total 16384)
2006-12-30 12:50:59 [MgmSrvr] INFO -- Node 2: Data usage increased to 80%(13220 32K pages of total 16384)
2006-12-30 12:51:29 [MgmSrvr] INFO -- Node 3: Data usage increased to 90%(14757 32K pages of total 16384)
2006-12-30 12:51:29 [MgmSrvr] INFO -- Node 2: Data usage increased to 90%(14769 32K pages of total 16384)
2006-12-30 12:51:45 [MgmSrvr] INFO -- Node 2: Local checkpoint 12 started. Keep GCI = 168 oldest restorable GCI = 192
2006-12-30 12:52:13 [MgmSrvr] INFO -- Node 3: Data usage decreased to 86%(14112 32K pages of total 16384)
2006-12-30 12:52:13 [MgmSrvr] INFO -- Node 2: Data usage decreased to 86%(14109 32K pages of total 16384)
2006-12-30 12:52:17 [MgmSrvr] INFO -- Node 3: Data usage decreased to 74%(12212 32K pages of total 16384)
2006-12-30 12:52:17 [MgmSrvr] INFO -- Node 2: Data usage decreased to 74%(12207 32K pages of total 16384)
2006-12-30 12:52:33 [MgmSrvr] INFO -- Node 2: Local checkpoint 13 started. Keep GCI = 193 oldest restorable GCI = 192
I had allocated 512MB as the DataMemory, which was getting exhausted. So i increased the parameter to 1024M (1G) and since then the things are running fine.
The only problem i am facing is that I need huge amounts of RAM for storing the NDB tables. And i am looking for an option to reduce RAM usage and use simple data on disk clusters.
References:
Mysql Cluster Configuration
Mysql Cluster Complete documentation
Saturday, December 30, 2006
Sunday, December 17, 2006
cars
Where do i start from?? Ummm, well, I have got a new car - a chevrolet aveo 1.6 LT (limited edition). Pic below...
The question is why did i get an aveo. Why not any other car? First of all, i never wanted to get a small car. I could have got a santro or a zen or an alto or a swift (i would have preferred the swift). But i wanted my car to be loooong. The options that i had were
1. honda city
2. chevrolet aveo
3. ford fiesta (petrol & diesel)
4. hyundai verna (petrol & diesel)
5. hyundai ascent (petrol & diesel)
6. Maruti Esteem
7. Maruti Baleno
If you look at both comfort and mileage and ease of maintenance, the best car is maruti baleno. But i dont like the looks of baleno. Ummm, let me give you some chart for comparison. Which is available from any other site (try carwale.com).
First of all, i was confused between getting a petrol or a diesel car. Though theoretically diesel cars are supposed to be much stronger and last longer(you can refer to my earlier posts for info on this.), but the initial cost and maintenance cost of the car is high. So unless and until you have to drive more than 100 kms in a day, it is not advisable to get a diesel car. The diesel car is approximately 1.2-1.5 lakhs costlier than its petrol counterpart and the maintenance of the diesel comes to be about 3000-5000 Rs extra per year.
If I would have gone for a diesel car, the cost of the fully loaded car would go beyond my budget. I liked the fiesta diesel and the verna diesel. Though the turbo lag is very much pronounced in the verna, but the pickup and power of verna is too good. Since my daily run would not be more than 50 Kms, i decided to go for a petrol car. I could get a fully loaded petrol car for around 7.6 Lakhs. Where as if i get a fully loaded diesel car, it would cost me around 9 lakhs.
This narrowed down my list of options to
1. hyundai ascent viva crdi
2. hyundai verna xxi
3. ford fiesta 1.6 sxi
4. maruti baleno
5. honda city
6. Chevrolet aveo 1.6 LT
Again knocking out what i did not like. Hyundai ascent viva crdi - wonderful car at reasonable price. I could have got this car for 7.2 lakhs and saved on petrol also. But the point was that the crdi technology in this car is somewhat old.
Well, I dont like the "ass" of baleno, so that also gets knocked out. But baleno has the best average among all cars. Baleno would give you an average of 14 in city and 17 on highway. And the interiors of baleno is very classic.
So now i am left with 4 options. And this is the comparison chart i made.
After going through all the options thoroughly, i zeroed down on the aveo. Well why not fiesta - coz it is costly to maintain. Another point was the music system. The music system in fiesta is damn good, but it cannot play mp3s. Imagine creating Audio cds - 6 of them to play in car and they would carry around 60, maybe 70 songs. Whereas one mp3 cd carries more than a 100 mp3 songs of really good quality. And I can cut one whenever i like. And the biggest point is that the ground clearance of aveo is very good. If you drive a fiesta on a road with potholes and mountains, you can expect some scratching on its base. But with aveo, the chances are grossly reduced. Aveo has got all wheel independent suspension - much better to drive on indian roads. And the best part is that it is cheaper than the other cars.
The city is a piece of trash - no power all style. Verna is a also a good car, but the diesel version is a lot better than the petrol one.
Lets see how things go...
The question is why did i get an aveo. Why not any other car? First of all, i never wanted to get a small car. I could have got a santro or a zen or an alto or a swift (i would have preferred the swift). But i wanted my car to be loooong. The options that i had were
1. honda city
2. chevrolet aveo
3. ford fiesta (petrol & diesel)
4. hyundai verna (petrol & diesel)
5. hyundai ascent (petrol & diesel)
6. Maruti Esteem
7. Maruti Baleno
If you look at both comfort and mileage and ease of maintenance, the best car is maruti baleno. But i dont like the looks of baleno. Ummm, let me give you some chart for comparison. Which is available from any other site (try carwale.com).
First of all, i was confused between getting a petrol or a diesel car. Though theoretically diesel cars are supposed to be much stronger and last longer(you can refer to my earlier posts for info on this.), but the initial cost and maintenance cost of the car is high. So unless and until you have to drive more than 100 kms in a day, it is not advisable to get a diesel car. The diesel car is approximately 1.2-1.5 lakhs costlier than its petrol counterpart and the maintenance of the diesel comes to be about 3000-5000 Rs extra per year.
If I would have gone for a diesel car, the cost of the fully loaded car would go beyond my budget. I liked the fiesta diesel and the verna diesel. Though the turbo lag is very much pronounced in the verna, but the pickup and power of verna is too good. Since my daily run would not be more than 50 Kms, i decided to go for a petrol car. I could get a fully loaded petrol car for around 7.6 Lakhs. Where as if i get a fully loaded diesel car, it would cost me around 9 lakhs.
This narrowed down my list of options to
1. hyundai ascent viva crdi
2. hyundai verna xxi
3. ford fiesta 1.6 sxi
4. maruti baleno
5. honda city
6. Chevrolet aveo 1.6 LT
Again knocking out what i did not like. Hyundai ascent viva crdi - wonderful car at reasonable price. I could have got this car for 7.2 lakhs and saved on petrol also. But the point was that the crdi technology in this car is somewhat old.
Well, I dont like the "ass" of baleno, so that also gets knocked out. But baleno has the best average among all cars. Baleno would give you an average of 14 in city and 17 on highway. And the interiors of baleno is very classic.
So now i am left with 4 options. And this is the comparison chart i made.
| Car | Ford Fiesta | Honda City | Hyundai verna | Chevrolet Aveo |
| Price | 7,65,000 | N/A (but 8L approx.) | N/A (but 7.2L approx.) | 7,00,000 |
| Engine Technology | Duratec | i-DSI | VTVT (Variable timing valve train) | VGIS (Variable Geometry intake system) |
| Engine capacity (cc) | 1596 | 1497 | 1599 | 1598 |
| Power (PS@RPM) | 101@6500 | 77@5000 | 103@5500 | 102@6000 |
| Torque (NM@RPM) | 146@3400 | 125@2700 | 146@3000 | 147@3500 |
| Fuel system | SEFI | i-DSI | N/A | Sequencial Fuel Injection with 32 bit ECM |
| Turning radius (m) | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5 | 5 |
| Average (kmpl) | 11 | 12 | 11 | 11 |
| Length (mm) | 4282 | 4390 | 4130 | 4310 |
| Width (mm) | 1686 | 1695 | 1695 | 1710 |
| Height (mm) | 1468 | 1495 | 1490 | 1505 |
| Wheel base (mm) | 2486 | 2450 | 2500 | 2480 |
| Ground clearance (mm) | 168 | 160 | 170 | 181 |
| Music system | 6 CD player with RADIO (no Mp3) | Radio + CD/MP3 player with remote | Radio+mp3+cd player (4 speakers) | Alpine music system with CD+MP3+Radio (6 speakers) |
After going through all the options thoroughly, i zeroed down on the aveo. Well why not fiesta - coz it is costly to maintain. Another point was the music system. The music system in fiesta is damn good, but it cannot play mp3s. Imagine creating Audio cds - 6 of them to play in car and they would carry around 60, maybe 70 songs. Whereas one mp3 cd carries more than a 100 mp3 songs of really good quality. And I can cut one whenever i like. And the biggest point is that the ground clearance of aveo is very good. If you drive a fiesta on a road with potholes and mountains, you can expect some scratching on its base. But with aveo, the chances are grossly reduced. Aveo has got all wheel independent suspension - much better to drive on indian roads. And the best part is that it is cheaper than the other cars.
The city is a piece of trash - no power all style. Verna is a also a good car, but the diesel version is a lot better than the petrol one.
Lets see how things go...
Friday, December 15, 2006
insomnia
insomnia is defined as inability to sleep or take rest.
Here i am referring to the nights we spend in office working. How many days+nights would you have worked in a single go? I have done 4days+nights without sleep. And i believe there are people who have done a lot more.
It is not that I am workaholic. No dear, it is just that the work needs to be completed on time and when deadlines approach the efficiency of the human brain also increases and so does the period during which the brain will be active. The human brain is a wonderful thing. During emergency situations both efficiency and activity of the human brain increases by a good factor.
Oooops!, i think i am going off topic. This post is to discuss what you feel and how you feel when you have not slept for some time.
Lets start with the situation first. I am not a script writer, so i hope this turns out to be fine...
Act 1, Scene 1 - project is delayed and need to be deployed tonight. We have not done proper planning for the deployment.
Act 2, Scene 2 - It is 10'o clock in the night and we are terribly hungry. We need to get some food into our stomach and also start the actual deployment
Act 3, Scene 3 - We have had a heavy diner (sponsored by the company) and it is 11'o clock. Our stomach is full and our eyes are drowsy. And so now the deployment starts.
Act 4, Scene 4 - We start cracking senseless jokes. And to add on it we start laughing on those senseless jokes. We are drowsy. Simply copy pasting commands from the deployment doc to the system. Brain utility is at the minimum. And we are having coffee after coffee to keep us awake.
Act 5, Scene 5 - The project is deployed and all are happy. Now we have started testing the project to see if we have missed anything. Boooom!! a flaw is found, second flaw is found, third..... We are now wide awake. The brain is fully active. Heartbeats are up. The heart is pumping more blood to the brain. We fight. We debug and decode our own scripts. And finally after much struggle around 4 in the night we think we are done.
Act 6, Scene 6 - Now we need to decide whether we should go to sleep and return early to handle problems or go to some place, party and be back in the morning without sleeping. By this time your eyes are closing. You feel a bit heavy. Your food has still not gone down. You need to drink a lot of water. After a lot of struggle and arguments, we decide that a 2 hour sleep would do some good. So we rush home and fall on our beds.
Act 7, Scene 7 - It is 7 in the morning. And the maid is downstairs ringing the bell for some time now. She is paitent. I have woken up, but dont want to get out of the quilt. Wishing that she gives up and goes away. But she is very insistent. Why does she has to clean the room today. Cant she take rest for a day. Well, finally i get up with around 2-2.5 hours of sleep, open the door and let her in. And then jump back in bed hoping to catch 30 minutes of sleep more. But the maid has her own set of questions. Where are the clothes to be washed? Why have we not got the resources (bucket, soap, etc) to aid her cleaning process? I just wish she would do her work quietly and shut the door when she goes. But nooooo. Well, I answer her - "will get the resources today, etc.". Just when the maid is about to go and i am dreaming about my peaceful sleep, the bell is rung again. The car-wash person is here and wants me to open up the car so that he can clean it from inside. I suddenly have a notion that the world is very dirty today morning. And all cleaning needs to be done today itself. Why dont people simply stop cleaning everything? Why is there so much dust in this world?
Act 8, Scene 8 - So I am now fully awake. The car-wash person has gone and my car is gleaming bright red. I can feel that my brain is tired but I know that no matter how much i try, i would not be able to sleep now. Well anyways, I take a bath to freshen up and shoo away the sleep. But the bath does not help in any way - except increase the effort in changing clothes. I feel as if I am a day old. I am hungry but my stomach is full. Anyways, i start my bike and drive to office. I feel as if there is a lag between the situations i see and the reactions which i am supposed to do.
Act 9, Scene 9 - I am in office, hungry and thirsty. Park my bike, punch my card. Plugin my lappy and look at the mails. The project deployed has bug reports already. Good!!! Start the debugging process. Drink a lot of water to keep myself awake and make a few no of trips to the toilet. Take coffee.
Act 10, Scene 10 - It is 12 am. My body has started reacting to sleeplessness. The mind has somehow communicated the lack of sleep to the body. The body now has a tingling sensation. Stomach is still full and hunger is still there. The hunger is becoming more prominent. Eyes are drowsy. Crack pot jokes have gone down. People came and went with their "good work" slogans. I just wish they had the courage enough to stay up a few nights so that they realize our "sacrifice".
Act 11, Scene 11 - It is 1:26PM and it is lunch time. Finally i am going to get some food to eat. But I am not sure where i am going to put it as my stomach is still full. Tiredness has increased. Stuff myself up with whatever junk and stale food that was available.
Act 12, Scene 12 - It is 2:18 PM and i am feeling very very sleepy. My eye lids are not agreeing the command that i am giving and are trying their best to close my eyes. Suddenly i am drowsing on the chair itself. My hand is on the keyboard, eyes half open - half closed. And this is just the moment when my boss makes his appearance - bad luck and wakes me up. All work gone to drain. Get calls from banks offering some stupid credit card. Just want to sleep. My mouth is dry. The uncomfortable chair that i sit upon has now become very comfortable. If i leave before 4:30, it will be considered as a half day. So i will have to be in office and be unproductive till 4:30.
Act 13, Scene 13 - It is 4:15 and i cant take it any more. My eyes are by default half closed. And i can fall sleep walking. Dont remember how much water have i drunk. Just remember that i have been to the loo lots of times. My stomach has suddenly grown huge and full. I dont feel hunger any more - just the need to sleep. I pick up my lappy and am back driving home. I dont care about the half day i would get due to my going home 15 minutes before time.
Act 14, Scene 14 - I am back home. Wanting to sleep. Buy my screwed up brain wont allow me to sleep now. I am on my bed with my lappy and watching movies - reading novels. I realize that there are stretches of time when i have not read anything or saw the movie. I have missed an entire scene and i dont remember what i have done during that time. I had not slept. And i had not pondered on any issue. Have not thought any thought. I was just blank...
Act 15, Scene 15 - It is 8 PM and i dont feel hungry any more. I dont feel thirsty any more. I dont feel the need to watch a movie. I dont feel the need to sleep also. My mind is still tired and my stomach is still full. My mouth is still dry. And now i can meditate - if that is what you call when a person can remain blank and without feeling anything around him. I am at peace.
Act 16, Scene 16 - It is 10 PM and i am again stuffed with junk food. I am on my bed and sleeping very heavily. I dont dream anything. I dont feel anything. You can cut me in my sleep and i wont feel you cutting me.
I wish that i can sleep like this every night.
P.S. =>> Some scenes have been tampered with (a little) to make the story more interesting and readable.
Here i am referring to the nights we spend in office working. How many days+nights would you have worked in a single go? I have done 4days+nights without sleep. And i believe there are people who have done a lot more.
It is not that I am workaholic. No dear, it is just that the work needs to be completed on time and when deadlines approach the efficiency of the human brain also increases and so does the period during which the brain will be active. The human brain is a wonderful thing. During emergency situations both efficiency and activity of the human brain increases by a good factor.
Oooops!, i think i am going off topic. This post is to discuss what you feel and how you feel when you have not slept for some time.
Lets start with the situation first. I am not a script writer, so i hope this turns out to be fine...
Act 1, Scene 1 - project is delayed and need to be deployed tonight. We have not done proper planning for the deployment.
Act 2, Scene 2 - It is 10'o clock in the night and we are terribly hungry. We need to get some food into our stomach and also start the actual deployment
Act 3, Scene 3 - We have had a heavy diner (sponsored by the company) and it is 11'o clock. Our stomach is full and our eyes are drowsy. And so now the deployment starts.
Act 4, Scene 4 - We start cracking senseless jokes. And to add on it we start laughing on those senseless jokes. We are drowsy. Simply copy pasting commands from the deployment doc to the system. Brain utility is at the minimum. And we are having coffee after coffee to keep us awake.
Act 5, Scene 5 - The project is deployed and all are happy. Now we have started testing the project to see if we have missed anything. Boooom!! a flaw is found, second flaw is found, third..... We are now wide awake. The brain is fully active. Heartbeats are up. The heart is pumping more blood to the brain. We fight. We debug and decode our own scripts. And finally after much struggle around 4 in the night we think we are done.
Act 6, Scene 6 - Now we need to decide whether we should go to sleep and return early to handle problems or go to some place, party and be back in the morning without sleeping. By this time your eyes are closing. You feel a bit heavy. Your food has still not gone down. You need to drink a lot of water. After a lot of struggle and arguments, we decide that a 2 hour sleep would do some good. So we rush home and fall on our beds.
Act 7, Scene 7 - It is 7 in the morning. And the maid is downstairs ringing the bell for some time now. She is paitent. I have woken up, but dont want to get out of the quilt. Wishing that she gives up and goes away. But she is very insistent. Why does she has to clean the room today. Cant she take rest for a day. Well, finally i get up with around 2-2.5 hours of sleep, open the door and let her in. And then jump back in bed hoping to catch 30 minutes of sleep more. But the maid has her own set of questions. Where are the clothes to be washed? Why have we not got the resources (bucket, soap, etc) to aid her cleaning process? I just wish she would do her work quietly and shut the door when she goes. But nooooo. Well, I answer her - "will get the resources today, etc.". Just when the maid is about to go and i am dreaming about my peaceful sleep, the bell is rung again. The car-wash person is here and wants me to open up the car so that he can clean it from inside. I suddenly have a notion that the world is very dirty today morning. And all cleaning needs to be done today itself. Why dont people simply stop cleaning everything? Why is there so much dust in this world?
Act 8, Scene 8 - So I am now fully awake. The car-wash person has gone and my car is gleaming bright red. I can feel that my brain is tired but I know that no matter how much i try, i would not be able to sleep now. Well anyways, I take a bath to freshen up and shoo away the sleep. But the bath does not help in any way - except increase the effort in changing clothes. I feel as if I am a day old. I am hungry but my stomach is full. Anyways, i start my bike and drive to office. I feel as if there is a lag between the situations i see and the reactions which i am supposed to do.
Act 9, Scene 9 - I am in office, hungry and thirsty. Park my bike, punch my card. Plugin my lappy and look at the mails. The project deployed has bug reports already. Good!!! Start the debugging process. Drink a lot of water to keep myself awake and make a few no of trips to the toilet. Take coffee.
Act 10, Scene 10 - It is 12 am. My body has started reacting to sleeplessness. The mind has somehow communicated the lack of sleep to the body. The body now has a tingling sensation. Stomach is still full and hunger is still there. The hunger is becoming more prominent. Eyes are drowsy. Crack pot jokes have gone down. People came and went with their "good work" slogans. I just wish they had the courage enough to stay up a few nights so that they realize our "sacrifice".
Act 11, Scene 11 - It is 1:26PM and it is lunch time. Finally i am going to get some food to eat. But I am not sure where i am going to put it as my stomach is still full. Tiredness has increased. Stuff myself up with whatever junk and stale food that was available.
Act 12, Scene 12 - It is 2:18 PM and i am feeling very very sleepy. My eye lids are not agreeing the command that i am giving and are trying their best to close my eyes. Suddenly i am drowsing on the chair itself. My hand is on the keyboard, eyes half open - half closed. And this is just the moment when my boss makes his appearance - bad luck and wakes me up. All work gone to drain. Get calls from banks offering some stupid credit card. Just want to sleep. My mouth is dry. The uncomfortable chair that i sit upon has now become very comfortable. If i leave before 4:30, it will be considered as a half day. So i will have to be in office and be unproductive till 4:30.
Act 13, Scene 13 - It is 4:15 and i cant take it any more. My eyes are by default half closed. And i can fall sleep walking. Dont remember how much water have i drunk. Just remember that i have been to the loo lots of times. My stomach has suddenly grown huge and full. I dont feel hunger any more - just the need to sleep. I pick up my lappy and am back driving home. I dont care about the half day i would get due to my going home 15 minutes before time.
Act 14, Scene 14 - I am back home. Wanting to sleep. Buy my screwed up brain wont allow me to sleep now. I am on my bed with my lappy and watching movies - reading novels. I realize that there are stretches of time when i have not read anything or saw the movie. I have missed an entire scene and i dont remember what i have done during that time. I had not slept. And i had not pondered on any issue. Have not thought any thought. I was just blank...
Act 15, Scene 15 - It is 8 PM and i dont feel hungry any more. I dont feel thirsty any more. I dont feel the need to watch a movie. I dont feel the need to sleep also. My mind is still tired and my stomach is still full. My mouth is still dry. And now i can meditate - if that is what you call when a person can remain blank and without feeling anything around him. I am at peace.
Act 16, Scene 16 - It is 10 PM and i am again stuffed with junk food. I am on my bed and sleeping very heavily. I dont dream anything. I dont feel anything. You can cut me in my sleep and i wont feel you cutting me.
I wish that i can sleep like this every night.
P.S. =>> Some scenes have been tampered with (a little) to make the story more interesting and readable.
Thursday, December 07, 2006
sociallization
The question here is how do people manage their social life... Well, frankly, i am tired...
To start off, i am engaged, have a 9 to 6 office, have to prepare for my marriage, have to get a house and a car and prepare for my coming married life. And i am not sure how to get all these things running in one go.
Have to talk to my mom, have to talk to my sisters. Make small talks. I dont know why, but i find it difficult to make small talk. According to me, people should just talk when they have something to convey, something to discuss or something to get done.
I get up at 7 in the morning, the maid comes and starts ringing the bell. She has to be let in so she can start doing her household works. Then my fiance would buzz me in the morning to wake me up - so sweet of her. I like this about her. I get ready and reach office by 9:30. And then there is work. Mails to respond to, meetings to attend and issues to solve.
In the evening, i already have a list of todos which need to be done. And of course go for food. Talk to mom, discuss her issues. Talk to the carwala and blast him off. On top of it people complain that i dont interact with them. People get cross and then again i have to work on it.
I dont know how people tend to live in joint families. I dont even tend to remember the names of all my relatives and neither do i remember their relations with me...
When should i get my car serviced and when should i get the water purifier installed. Well, thats comparatively easy. When should i call people who expect to be in touch with me and what small talk should i discuss with them. I have nothing to say to them.
And ofcourse, my friends - some freaking out/ hanging out in the night. Watch a movie - go and explore a new place.
I just dont get it. How do people manage it, keeping in touch with all the people you know.
Maybe sometime down the line, i will be able to do all that without a hitch. The problem i think is that i intend to live up to everybody's expectations.
How to people manage to keep more than 1 girl friends? Handling even 1 girl is tiring...
Whoooooooooo, lets c where i go from here....
To start off, i am engaged, have a 9 to 6 office, have to prepare for my marriage, have to get a house and a car and prepare for my coming married life. And i am not sure how to get all these things running in one go.
Have to talk to my mom, have to talk to my sisters. Make small talks. I dont know why, but i find it difficult to make small talk. According to me, people should just talk when they have something to convey, something to discuss or something to get done.
I get up at 7 in the morning, the maid comes and starts ringing the bell. She has to be let in so she can start doing her household works. Then my fiance would buzz me in the morning to wake me up - so sweet of her. I like this about her. I get ready and reach office by 9:30. And then there is work. Mails to respond to, meetings to attend and issues to solve.
In the evening, i already have a list of todos which need to be done. And of course go for food. Talk to mom, discuss her issues. Talk to the carwala and blast him off. On top of it people complain that i dont interact with them. People get cross and then again i have to work on it.
I dont know how people tend to live in joint families. I dont even tend to remember the names of all my relatives and neither do i remember their relations with me...
When should i get my car serviced and when should i get the water purifier installed. Well, thats comparatively easy. When should i call people who expect to be in touch with me and what small talk should i discuss with them. I have nothing to say to them.
And ofcourse, my friends - some freaking out/ hanging out in the night. Watch a movie - go and explore a new place.
I just dont get it. How do people manage it, keeping in touch with all the people you know.
Maybe sometime down the line, i will be able to do all that without a hitch. The problem i think is that i intend to live up to everybody's expectations.
How to people manage to keep more than 1 girl friends? Handling even 1 girl is tiring...
Whoooooooooo, lets c where i go from here....
Monday, October 30, 2006
404 - a legend
You've felt it. You know the power of 404. You're surfing one night, you've got your new modem, your fast Mac, your ergonomic mouse, your precise mousing surface. Bring it on. You've got 7 windows open at a time, and you flip through them like dealing cards. You could tile them on the screen, like a little website mosaic, but you choose to keep them stacked on each other, so that each flip is a new adventure. Then suddenly, it screeches to a halt: 404. You don't want to believe it; that site was there last week! You reload, hoping it was a fluke. How could your painstakingly-compiled bookmarks betray you? 404 glares back at you, challenging you to contact the referring page's administrator. Questioning your spelling skills. What does 404 want from you?
Relax! 404 is your friend. It just wants to help you get where you want to go. It might intimidate you at first, with its stark white background and unadorned black text. But just think about it for a minute: 404 is baring its soul for you. It gives you its message and asks nothing in return. No login and password, no banner ads, no mailing list to keep you informed of future updates. All 404 has, it offers to you, knowing the likelihood that you will scorn it nonetheless, and leave as quickly as you came in. And 404 will continue to do so for every visitor, regardless of color, religion, or gender. 404 is nothing if not fair.
But why leave 404 so quickly? Why not stay a while and have a drink? 404 is an oasis on the web. It's like a rest stop with clean bathrooms on the interstate. 404 doesn't ask you to 'Click Here' or 'Visit our Sponsor'. It's perfectly satisfied if you just sit there and do nothing. 404 doesn't care how many visitors it's had since 8/1/96, and it's not tracking your click-through rate. So consider just hanging out for a while and relaxing. 404 is easy to get along with.
404 is full of intrigue. What did it used to be? What internet delight has escaped you? Will it return? 404 will never tell. Its mystery drives you to return again and again. Where there is 404, there is always the potential for something new. 404 is the eternal ebb and flow of life. One day you will return and 404 will be gone, replaced by a new page about South Park or the webmaster's cats. And it will be filled with the bittersweet memory of 404. You will be driven to seek out 404 in other places. Your desire for 404 will start to overshadow your career, your loved ones, even your passion for role-playing video games. 404 draws you deeper and deeper into its vortex. You must admit that you are powerless before it. 404 is not evil, it is a natural force that defies control. 404 is wild and free.
404 believes in your abilities. It doesn't try to lose you in a crazy series of redirects, it challenges your problem-solving skills. It asks, "Now that you're here, what are you going to do?" 404 willingly hands you the reins. Have you ever just closed a window on 404? No! You've considered your options, exercised your reasoning skills, and firmly chosen a course of action to deal with your situation. When you successfully navigate 404, you feel the blood coursing in your veins, the wind in your hair, and it's good to be alive. 404 is life-affirming. When you find 404, you know that even though the thing you were looking for no longer exists, there is still 404, stepping in to fill the void.
Where there was darkness, there is now 404. And all is right with the world.
Thursday, October 19, 2006
| Your Dominant Intelligence is Logical-Mathematical Intelligence |
 You are great at finding patterns and relationships between things. Always curious about how things work, you love to set up experiments. You need for the world to make sense - and are good at making sense of it. You have a head for numbers and math ... and you can solve almost any logic puzzle. You would make a great scientist, engineer, computer programmer, researcher, accountant, or mathematician. |
Wednesday, October 18, 2006
Petrol engine versus diesel engine
An engine is a lump of metal which makes the vehicles go zoom. Major types of engines are petrol and diesel. The engines required to run petrol and diesel are different because petrol and diesel are different types of fuel. Petrol is a highly volatile fuel and gets ignited very easily whereas diesel is comparatively heavy and dirtier fuel. We would be talking about 4 stroke engines only, the ones used in cars.
People who know me must be wondering why am I writing this article, i being a computer engineer. Hmmm, because, i am supposed to buy a car now and have been doing some research on them. The first question I came upon was whether a petrol or a diesel car. And, all i want to do is to share all that i have learned with you people. I am still unable to decide whether i should go for ford fiesta diesel or ford fiesta petrol, the petrol verson being a lot cheaper than the diesel version.
Lets start with what does a 4 stroke engine mean. It means that the engine has 4 strokes - inlet, compression, expansion and exhaust. Lets see stroke by stroke how both engines work
Petrol Engine
Diesel Engine
Inlet stroke
> In petrol engines the mixture of air and petrol is drawn in by the falling piston
> In diesel engines only air is drawn in by the falling piston
Compression stroke
> In petrol engine, the mixture is compressed upto about 1/8th to 1/12th of its original size.
> In diesel engine, only air is compressed upto about 1/14th to 1/25th of its original size.
Expansion stroke
> In petrol engine, the air and fuel mixture is ignited using a spark plug and burns expanding and forcing the piston down.
> In diesel engine, fuel is injected at a high pressure into the hot, compressed air in the cylinder, causing it to burn and force the piston down. No spark is required.
Exhause stroke
> In both petrol and diesel engines, the burned mixture of air and fuel is pushed out of the cylinder by the rising piston.
A diesel engine is also known as a "compression ignition" engine. Since the air is compressed to very high pressure raising its temperature and then diesel is injected in a very fine spray which causes the diesel to ignite and explode. Whereas a petrol engine is known as a "spark ignition" engine. Since a spark plug is required to ignite the mixture of petrol and air in the combustion chamber.
Diesel engine
Petrol engine
Lets also note down more differences of the same
Even after writing all this, i am still undecided where to go. Should i risk taking a diesel engine hoping that the maintenance costs would be bearable. Well, lets c what happens...
People who know me must be wondering why am I writing this article, i being a computer engineer. Hmmm, because, i am supposed to buy a car now and have been doing some research on them. The first question I came upon was whether a petrol or a diesel car. And, all i want to do is to share all that i have learned with you people. I am still unable to decide whether i should go for ford fiesta diesel or ford fiesta petrol, the petrol verson being a lot cheaper than the diesel version.
Lets start with what does a 4 stroke engine mean. It means that the engine has 4 strokes - inlet, compression, expansion and exhaust. Lets see stroke by stroke how both engines work
Petrol Engine
Diesel Engine
Inlet stroke
> In petrol engines the mixture of air and petrol is drawn in by the falling piston
> In diesel engines only air is drawn in by the falling piston
Compression stroke
> In petrol engine, the mixture is compressed upto about 1/8th to 1/12th of its original size.
> In diesel engine, only air is compressed upto about 1/14th to 1/25th of its original size.
Expansion stroke
> In petrol engine, the air and fuel mixture is ignited using a spark plug and burns expanding and forcing the piston down.
> In diesel engine, fuel is injected at a high pressure into the hot, compressed air in the cylinder, causing it to burn and force the piston down. No spark is required.
Exhause stroke
> In both petrol and diesel engines, the burned mixture of air and fuel is pushed out of the cylinder by the rising piston.
A diesel engine is also known as a "compression ignition" engine. Since the air is compressed to very high pressure raising its temperature and then diesel is injected in a very fine spray which causes the diesel to ignite and explode. Whereas a petrol engine is known as a "spark ignition" engine. Since a spark plug is required to ignite the mixture of petrol and air in the combustion chamber.
Diesel engine
Petrol engine
Lets also note down more differences of the same
- A diesel engine is more easily turbocharged than a petrol engine. A petrol engine cannot be easily turbocharged due to the fact that if the compression ratio and the pressure in the cylinder is to high during the inlet stroke, the mixture starts to burn to soon, while the piston is on its way up. The diesel engine has no fuel in the cylinder, thus letting the turbocharger suck as much air as it can without creating any problems. (A turbo charger is a simple air compressor which compresses air in the combustion chamber for burning). Some diesel engines also have an intercooler which helps in blowing cold and oxygen rich air in the combustion chamber.
- Electronic engine management not necessary in diesel engines. Some modern diesel engines are gaining electronically controlled injection pumps, but the vast majority of them out there have purely mechanical pumps. In fact no electricity is required to make a diesel engine run, except for a simple fuel cut off solenoid so that you can switch the thing off! If your alternator stops working, then you’re gonna get home in a diesel. This also means that a diesel engine does not have any ignition breakers, ignition coils, distributors and ignition wires to go bad. So a diesel engine should start no matter if it is dry or rainy or wet.
- Petrol destroys lubrication and burns the engine whereas diesel doesnt. So a diesel engine would last longer than a petrol engine.
- Petrol engines are lighter than diesel engines.
- Diesel engines have higher torque than petrol engines. What does this mean? Well, this means that a diesel engine would pull heavy loads easily than a petrol engine. Though the pickup of a petrol engine would be much more than that of a diesel engine, the diesel engine would be steady and carry heavier loads to longer distances.
- Diesel engines have better fuel efficiency as compared to petrol due to the fact that they have higher compression ratio.
- Diesel engines dont need an ignition system, which reduces their complexity. But they are more noisy and may require frequent maintenance as compared to petrol engines. Also they are more durable.
- Diesel engines may also need glow plugs in extreme cold conditions which heat up the cylinder so that a cold engine can start easily.
- And now the most important part, fuel economy. Diesel wins in both ways. Diesel engines give better mileage than petrol engines and In india diesel is much cheaper than petrol. So running on diesel would make you go farther at a lower cost than running on petrol.
Even after writing all this, i am still undecided where to go. Should i risk taking a diesel engine hoping that the maintenance costs would be bearable. Well, lets c what happens...
Tuesday, October 17, 2006
Reverse Proxy using squid
what is proxy server caching? hmm... lets start with what apache or any other web server does. Whenever you send a request to apache, the request (whether static or dynamic) is processed. The appropriate file is located in the file system and, the content type is identified and data is then streamed from the file to the web and hence to the browser. This is what the apache does. So where does proxy server come in picture? Proxy servers like squid are set up at the gateway level in cyber cafes or large companies. The proxy server caches web content in its internal cache and whenever a request comes to the proxy server, the server matches the modified time of the web content with that at the server, and if the time is same, the content is served from the proxy cache, else the content is fetched from the remote server and served and cached for future purposes.
So, now, what is reverse proxy caching? Reverse proxy is something which is installed in the neighbourhood of a web server. All incoming traffic to the web server is passed through the reverse proxy server. This reduces the load on a busy server by using a web cache between the server and the internet.
Following benefits are derived by deploying reverse proxy servers alongside web servers:
1. increase capacity of existing servers and prevent purchase of new servers.
2. static content is easily cached at the proxy server level, leaving the web server to handle dynamic content.
3. Increase response time of any web request.
4. proxy server acts like an additional layer of defence against hacking.
5. Load balancing: reverse proxy can be used to distribute load on several web servers.
6. Compression: web content can be optimized and compressed to speed up download times.
A reverse proxy server intercepts requests to the Web server and responds to the request out of a store of cached pages. Dynamic web content cannot be cached. Reverse proxy caches static pages / images based on HTTP header tags that are returned from the web page. Important HTTP header tags are:
Last-Modified -> when was the page last modified
Expires -> when would the page expire so that it can be removed from proxy server cache
Cache-control -> should the page be cached
Pragma -> similar to Cache-control, deciding factor whether the page should be cached or not
Here is what i did to install squid:
>> download the squid source gz file.
>> tar -xvzf squid-2.6.STABLE4.tar.gz - creates a directory squid-2.6.STABLE4
>> cd squid-2.6.STABLE4
>> ./configure --disable-internal-dns - makes squid use the /etc/hosts file for dns lookup.
>> make - compile the files
>> make install (as root) - copies the compiled files to /usr/local/squid
>> vi /usr/local/squid/etc/squid.conf
>> make the following changes. The configuration file format has been changed in squid 2.6. I am putting the new configuration settings here. Older directives of httpd_accel_* have been depricated.
http_port 80 vhost
socket address where squid listens to httpd client requests. Default is 3128 (for proxy server). Various options can be put after the port number. Like
transparent : support for transparent proxies
vhost : accelerator using vhost directive
vport : accelerator with IP virtual host support
defaultsite= : main website name for accelerators
protocol= : protocol to reconstruct accelerated requests with. Default is httpd.
no-connection-auth : prevent forwarding of microsoft connection oriented authentication
tproxy : support for linux TPROXY for spoofing outgoing connections using the client IP address
cache_peer [options]
for apache running on localhost on port 81, the configuration for reverse proxy - cache_peer directive would be
cache_peer localhost parent 81 0 originserver
hostname : cache peer to which connection has to be established type : how cache peer is treaded (as parent, sibiling or multicast)
parent -> the child cache will forward requests to its parent cache. If the parent does not hold the requested object, it will forward the request on behalf of the child.
sibling -> a peer may only request objects already held in the cache. a sibling cannot forward cache misses on behalf of the peer.
multicast -> multicast packet is from one machine to one or more.
proxy port : port no where cache listens to the peer requests
icp port : used for querying neighbour caches about objects
options : lots of options available like
proxy-only -> objects fetched from this cache should not be saved locally
weight=n -> specify weight of parent
round-robin -> define a set of parents to be used in a round robin way.
weighted-round-robin -> define a set of parents to be used in a round robin way, frequency of each parent being based on the round trip time.
originserver -> contact this parent as a origin server. used for accelerator setups
Thats it, just start your apache and squid and everything should run fine.
Hope this helps...
Source : http://www.visolve.com/squid/whitepapers/reverseproxy.php with some customizations to upgrade it for the new version.
So, now, what is reverse proxy caching? Reverse proxy is something which is installed in the neighbourhood of a web server. All incoming traffic to the web server is passed through the reverse proxy server. This reduces the load on a busy server by using a web cache between the server and the internet.
Following benefits are derived by deploying reverse proxy servers alongside web servers:
1. increase capacity of existing servers and prevent purchase of new servers.
2. static content is easily cached at the proxy server level, leaving the web server to handle dynamic content.
3. Increase response time of any web request.
4. proxy server acts like an additional layer of defence against hacking.
5. Load balancing: reverse proxy can be used to distribute load on several web servers.
6. Compression: web content can be optimized and compressed to speed up download times.
A reverse proxy server intercepts requests to the Web server and responds to the request out of a store of cached pages. Dynamic web content cannot be cached. Reverse proxy caches static pages / images based on HTTP header tags that are returned from the web page. Important HTTP header tags are:
Last-Modified -> when was the page last modified
Expires -> when would the page expire so that it can be removed from proxy server cache
Cache-control -> should the page be cached
Pragma -> similar to Cache-control, deciding factor whether the page should be cached or not
Here is what i did to install squid:
>> download the squid source gz file.
>> tar -xvzf squid-2.6.STABLE4.tar.gz - creates a directory squid-2.6.STABLE4
>> cd squid-2.6.STABLE4
>> ./configure --disable-internal-dns - makes squid use the /etc/hosts file for dns lookup.
>> make - compile the files
>> make install (as root) - copies the compiled files to /usr/local/squid
>> vi /usr/local/squid/etc/squid.conf
>> make the following changes. The configuration file format has been changed in squid 2.6. I am putting the new configuration settings here. Older directives of httpd_accel_* have been depricated.
http_port 80 vhost
socket address where squid listens to httpd client requests. Default is 3128 (for proxy server). Various options can be put after the port number. Like
transparent : support for transparent proxies
vhost : accelerator using vhost directive
vport : accelerator with IP virtual host support
defaultsite= : main website name for accelerators
protocol= : protocol to reconstruct accelerated requests with. Default is httpd.
no-connection-auth : prevent forwarding of microsoft connection oriented authentication
tproxy : support for linux TPROXY for spoofing outgoing connections using the client IP address
cache_peer
for apache running on localhost on port 81, the configuration for reverse proxy - cache_peer directive would be
cache_peer localhost parent 81 0 originserver
hostname : cache peer to which connection has to be established type : how cache peer is treaded (as parent, sibiling or multicast)
parent -> the child cache will forward requests to its parent cache. If the parent does not hold the requested object, it will forward the request on behalf of the child.
sibling -> a peer may only request objects already held in the cache. a sibling cannot forward cache misses on behalf of the peer.
multicast -> multicast packet is from one machine to one or more.
proxy port : port no where cache listens to the peer requests
icp port : used for querying neighbour caches about objects
options : lots of options available like
proxy-only -> objects fetched from this cache should not be saved locally
weight=n -> specify weight of parent
round-robin -> define a set of parents to be used in a round robin way.
weighted-round-robin -> define a set of parents to be used in a round robin way, frequency of each parent being based on the round trip time.
originserver -> contact this parent as a origin server. used for accelerator setups
Thats it, just start your apache and squid and everything should run fine.
Hope this helps...
Source : http://www.visolve.com/squid/whitepapers/reverseproxy.php with some customizations to upgrade it for the new version.
Thursday, September 28, 2006
python
Yes python. No, I am not refering to the snake, I am refering to the programming language "python". OOPS!!! Sorry for the confusion.
Python is an interpreted, interactive and object oriented programming language. Often compared to perl, java, ruby etc. As per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_programming_language, python was created by some dude named "Guido van Rossum" in 1990. It uses automatic memory management and is a High level language. Oooh.. And python is hot... Why?? Cause it has a very clean syntax and is easy to use and packs a lot of power inside it... Thats why, i think so... So lets get some tits and bits about python...
But before i start, just check out http://www.python.org, the official website of python software foundation the creators and maintainers of python.
The thing which will strike you at the start is the way indentation is important in python. Python groups sentenses on the basis of how it is indented. So i would write a for loop as follows
The best thing i like about this is that developers would automatically indent their code making it good to look at - ummm beautiful may be the right word.
python has a nice set of string operators and regular expressions. You can create and iterate over a range very nicely, write functions, create stacks and queues, do file handling and exception handling. You have complete java style - try->catch level exception handling. And ofcourse you can create classes. Serialize and store objects in file very easily and then restore the objects later. Also there are lots of extensions available which would allow you to interact with the net, create threads, do data compression and decompression. control garbage collection.
Wooo, and the main thing is that all this is possible with very easy and clean syntax . I have seen small and large - in fact very large programs being written in python. And maybe sometime down in future python would replace perl for small programs.
You have got to try it out to see the power of python...
Python is an interpreted, interactive and object oriented programming language. Often compared to perl, java, ruby etc. As per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_programming_language, python was created by some dude named "Guido van Rossum" in 1990. It uses automatic memory management and is a High level language. Oooh.. And python is hot... Why?? Cause it has a very clean syntax and is easy to use and packs a lot of power inside it... Thats why, i think so... So lets get some tits and bits about python...
But before i start, just check out http://www.python.org, the official website of python software foundation the creators and maintainers of python.
The thing which will strike you at the start is the way indentation is important in python. Python groups sentenses on the basis of how it is indented. So i would write a for loop as follows
>>> arr = ['a1','b2','c3','d4','e5','f6'] # defining the array
>>> for x in arr: # starting the for loop
>>> print x # print the element and its length
>>> print len(x)
>>> print 'end' # print end the for loop. Indentation says for loop is over
The best thing i like about this is that developers would automatically indent their code making it good to look at - ummm beautiful may be the right word.
python has a nice set of string operators and regular expressions. You can create and iterate over a range very nicely, write functions, create stacks and queues, do file handling and exception handling. You have complete java style - try->catch level exception handling. And ofcourse you can create classes. Serialize and store objects in file very easily and then restore the objects later. Also there are lots of extensions available which would allow you to interact with the net, create threads, do data compression and decompression. control garbage collection.
Wooo, and the main thing is that all this is possible with very easy and clean syntax . I have seen small and large - in fact very large programs being written in python. And maybe sometime down in future python would replace perl for small programs.
You have got to try it out to see the power of python...
Wednesday, September 27, 2006
| Your Love Element Is Metal |
 In love, you inspire and respect your partner. For you, love is all about fusing together for one incredible life experience. You attract others with wit and a bit of flash. Your flirting style is defined by making others want and value you. Greatness and optimism are the cornerstones of your love life. You may let go too easily, but you never get weighed down by your past. You connect best with: Earth Avoid: Fire You and another Metal element: will control and smother each other |
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